Интеллектуальные энергосистемы. Т. 3

Настоящий сборник содержит материалы V Международного молодежного форума «Интеллектуальные энергосистемы», проведенного 9 - 13 октября 2017г. на базе Энергетического института Томского политехнического университета

Mapping Europe’s institutional landscape for forest ecosystem service provision, innovations and governance

There has been a strong quest for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) to support governance. Yet, the institutional landscape that governs ES provision across multiple contexts has received less attention. We fill this research gap by developing and operationalising a framework for the analysis of policy documents that address European forest ES provision. By coding and analysing references to forest ES as well as innovations and governance mechanisms addressing these ES in national strategies on forest, biodiversity and bioeconomy, we map the institutional landscape of forest ES provision in Europe. We further analyse how biophysical supply of forest ES is connected to policies paying attention to ES and identifying innovations and governance for their provision. Innovations identified in policies centre around value chains of wood and bioenergy or biodiversity conservation, while non-wood forest products, cultural heritage, and recreation receive little attention. Biophysical supply of provisioning ES is connected to policies emphasising many innovations, while little supply of regulating ES could trigger service innovations and several new governance mechanisms. As forest ecosystems have received much attention in global, European and national sustainability policies, our institutional mapping illustrates that there is room for more use of innovations in promoting ES provision

Effects of general practitioner training and family support services on the care of home-dwelling dementia patients - Results of a controlled cluster-randomized study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>More than 90% of dementia patients are cared for by their general practitioners, who are decisively involved in the diagnosis, therapy and recommendation of support services. <it>Objective: </it>To test whether special training of general practitioners alters the care of dementia patients through their systematic recommendation of caregiver counseling and support groups.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>129 general practitioners enrolled 390 dementia patients and their informal caregivers in a prospective, three-arm cluster-randomized 2-year study. Arm A constituted usual care, in Arm B and C support groups and caregiver counseling (in Arm B one year after baseline, in Arm C at baseline) were recommended by the general practitioners. The general practitioners received arm-specific training. Diagnostic and therapeutic behavior of physicians was recorded at baseline. Informal caregivers were questioned in follow-up after 2 years about the utilization of support services.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The diagnostic behavior of the general practitioners conforms to relevant guidelines. The procedure in newly-diagnosed patients does not differ from previously diagnosed patients with the exception of the rate of referral to a specialist. About one-third of the newly-diagnosed dementia patients are given an anti-dementia drug. The utilization of support groups and counseling increased five- and fourfold, respectively. Utilization of other support services remained low (< 10%), with the exception of home nursing and institutional short-term nursing.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Trained general practitioners usually act in conformity with guidelines with respect to diagnosing dementia, and partly in conformity with the guidelines with respect to recommended drug therapy. Recommendations of support services for informal caregivers by the general practitioner are successful. They result in a marked increase in the utilization rate for the recommended services compared to offers which are not recommended by the general practitioner.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ISRCTN68329593</p

Defective HNF4alpha-dependent gene expression as a driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by profound hepatocellular dysfunction for which targeted treatments are urgently needed. Identification of molecular drivers is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. By performing RNA sequencing in livers from patients with different phenotypes of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), we show that development of AH is characterized by defective activity of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs). TGFβ1 is a key upstream transcriptome regulator in AH and induces the use of HNF4α P2 promoter in hepatocytes, which results in defective metabolic and synthetic functions. Gene polymorphisms in LETFs including HNF4α are not associated with the development of AH. In contrast, epigenetic studies show that AH livers have profound changes in DNA methylation state and chromatin remodeling, affecting HNF4α-dependent gene expression. We conclude that targeting TGFβ1 and epigenetic drivers that modulate HNF4α-dependent gene expression could be beneficial to improve hepatocellular function in patients with AH

To be financed or not : the role of patents for venture capital financing

This paper investigates how patent applications and grants held by new ventures improve their ability to attract venture capital (VC) financing. We argue that investors are faced with considerable uncertainty and therefore rely on patents as signals when trying to assess the prospects of potential portfolio companies. For a sample of VC-seeking German and British biotechnology companies we have identified all patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO). Applying hazard rate analysis, we find that in the presence of patent applications, VC financing occurs earlier. Our results also show that VCs pay attention to patent quality, financing those ventures faster which later turn out to have high-quality patents. Patent oppositions increase the likelihood of receiving VC, but ultimate grant decisions do not spur VC financing, presumably because they are anticipated. Our empirical results and interviews with VCs suggest that the process of patenting generates signals which help to overcome the liabilities of newness faced by new ventures

Vergleichende Analyse der Aktivierung von TrkB und C-Raf in kultivierten embryonalen Motoneuronen wildtypischer und smn-defizienter, SMN2 transgener Mäuse

Thema der Arbeit war das Aktivierungsverhalten von Neurotrophin-Rezeptoren als Einstieg Neurotrophin-vermittelter Signaltransduktionskaskaden. Dabei wurden Wildtyp-Motoneurone und Zellen smn-defizienter, SMN2 transgener Mäuse auf mögliche Unterschiede im Neurotrophin-signaling hin untersucht. Die Motoneurone wurden aus dem Lumbalmark von Mausembryonen isoliert und für sechs Tage unter Zugabe eines spezifischen Nährmediums kultiviert. Dann erfolgten kontrollierte Stimulation und anschließende Fixation der Zellkultur. Nach immunhistochemischer Färbung der jeweiligen Rezeptorstrukturen und Photographie der Motoneurone am konfokalen Mikroskop erfolgten Messung und Auswertung der Immunreaktivität als Korrelat Ligand-vermittelter Rezeptoraktivierung am PC unter Zuhilfenahme von Thumbs Nail, AIDA, Graph Pad Prism, Excel und statistischer Testverfahren. Nur die Neurotrophin-Rezeptoren der Kontrolltiere zeigten sich innerhalb des beobachteten Zeitintervalls signifikant aktiviert

Mapping Europe’s institutional landscape for forest ecosystem service provision, innovations and governance

There has been a strong quest for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) to support governance. Yet, the institutional landscape that governs ES provision across multiple contexts has received less attention. We fill this research gap by developing and operationalising a framework for the analysis of policy documents that address European forest ES provision. By coding and analysing references to forest ES as well as innovations and governance mechanisms addressing these ES in national strategies on forest, biodiversity and bioeconomy, we map the institutional landscape of forest ES provision in Europe. We further analyse how biophysical supply of forest ES is connected to policies paying attention to ES and identifying innovations and governance for their provision. Innovations identified in policies centre around value chains of wood and bioenergy or biodiversity conservation, while non-wood forest products, cultural heritage, and recreation receive little attention. Biophysical supply of provisioning ES is connected to policies emphasising many innovations, while little supply of regulating ES could trigger service innovations and several new governance mechanisms. As forest ecosystems have received much attention in global, European and national sustainability policies, our institutional mapping illustrates that there is room for more use of innovations in promoting ES provision

Assessing and supporting governance and business innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services in Europe

This paper presents a conceptual approach and methodological procedure for the development and assessment of forest governance innovations. We illustrate this with preliminary findings from the analysis of six policy and business innovations across Europe. These are new actor alliances and payment schemes promoting economically viable forest ecosystem service (FES) provisions. The analysis combines several methodological approaches starting with mapping of biophysical and institutional context conditions, stakeholders and governance analysis, and scenario-based innovation assessment and development. Our preliminary findings highlight the suitability of our conceptual and methodological procedure for forest governance innovation analysis and assessment. One outcome is that most EU forested lands guarantee high supplies of at least one service, often ensuring multiple FES simultaneously, predominantly in mountainous regions. But the institutional analysis of national and subnational forest legislation, bioeconomy and biodiversity policy strategies reveals that these policies only address governance innovations relative to very few FES. Our findings further reflect the diversity of governance innovations that emerge on local levels across Europe. Some innovation regions are attempting to better operationalize payments for ecosystem service provisions, while others tackle the development of new forest-related products, value-chains or cultural ecosystem services. Applying a multi-method and multi-actor visioning and assessment approach has fruitfully orchestrated a constructive debate among stakeholders on the chances and challenges of forest governance innovations to allow for their uptake in forest policy, business and practice